Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist

Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens The world's most popular author and novelist who belonged to the Victorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the man behind great novels like, 'Oliver Twist,' 'Hard Times,' 'Great Expectations,' and many other fascinating and insightful novels that are considered, and quite rightly so, works of true genius. The man, himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. His father was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens was left without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most of his youth in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens. Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflects on his own life and highlights the miseries of the Industrial Revolution because of which he was robed of the best years of his life. Dickens was a social critic. This is quite expected because of the life Dickens led and what he had experienced. He manages to portray society exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At the time many authors only portrayed the positive aspects of the Revolution but Dickens highlighted even the negative aspects of the changes that were taking place. Dickens was not particularly moved by the changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world he lived in was one of 'sorrow and trouble.' This is quite true because he lost his childhood helping out in factories, another 'innovation' of the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each of his novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branches of society so that when people read his novels, they realize what exactly society was li... ... he moves along with the story and has also been quite effective at certain times because of its ability to draw sympathy. It tells us how the characters react to various circumstances and how they are influenced by society. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain an enduring classic. The society that has been depicted is of quite different from today. It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the city but we finally manage to get tuned with Dickens' novel. It is one of the best books ever written. This is because it has a great reader appeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and the language used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feel stranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the best of his work and we can't disagree after reading 'Oliver Twist.' Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist Use of Language to Portray 19th Century London Society in Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens The world's most popular author and novelist who belonged to the Victorian era requires no introduction. Charles Dickens is the man behind great novels like, 'Oliver Twist,' 'Hard Times,' 'Great Expectations,' and many other fascinating and insightful novels that are considered, and quite rightly so, works of true genius. The man, himself was a worker in a blacking factory during his childhood. His father was unable to pay off the family debts so young Dickens was left without a proper education and so spent his childhood and most of his youth in poverty. This left an indelible wound on Dickens. Needless to say, in each of his novels, we see that Dickens reflects on his own life and highlights the miseries of the Industrial Revolution because of which he was robed of the best years of his life. Dickens was a social critic. This is quite expected because of the life Dickens led and what he had experienced. He manages to portray society exactly how it was during the Industrial Revolution. At the time many authors only portrayed the positive aspects of the Revolution but Dickens highlighted even the negative aspects of the changes that were taking place. Dickens was not particularly moved by the changes caused by the Revolution. He claimed that the world he lived in was one of 'sorrow and trouble.' This is quite true because he lost his childhood helping out in factories, another 'innovation' of the Revolution. He was a life-long supporter of the poor. Each of his novels involves some characters who belong to the lower branches of society so that when people read his novels, they realize what exactly society was li... ... he moves along with the story and has also been quite effective at certain times because of its ability to draw sympathy. It tells us how the characters react to various circumstances and how they are influenced by society. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that the novel continues to remain an enduring classic. The society that has been depicted is of quite different from today. It was difficult adjusting to the workhouses, factories in the city but we finally manage to get tuned with Dickens' novel. It is one of the best books ever written. This is because it has a great reader appeal even two centuries later. It is because the description and the language used have helped the reader all throughout, so we do not feel stranded at any point. Dickens saw to it that his readers got the best of his work and we can't disagree after reading 'Oliver Twist.'

Online Classes

This online class has helped me in some ways as In learning new techniques of how to explain In more detail of what I am trying to write about. I have struggled with this online class too and think I would have benefited more going to actual class. I believe I struggled with learning many of things because I learn better when I am one on one with a teacher. The Argumentation paper was fairly simple, but hard to explain many details. I believe I learned many of things and struggled with many of things from online classes, but overall I believe I did k with most of the papers.I learned many of techniques of explaining In detail of what I was writing about. However, I have always struggled with explaining In good detail with many of things in my life. It's something I will continue to work on so I can become a better writer. I use to love to write when I was younger and I have high hopes I will love it again. I tried to use grammar in a more proficient way this time around. I believe I Just lost touch with writing and I am Just playing catch up togged that good technique back. I believe I need to keep working on better details of what I am trying to write about.I ill have It all In my head and when I go to type It; I usually don't get It to come out the correct way. I wish I could have been able to actually go to classes in the college instead of online classes, but it doesn't suit my life at this time. I believe I would have strives in a classroom and wrote many of wonderful things. In my house there are Just to many distractions and it makes it difficult to type a good paper. I try to teach my daughter how Important quiet time Is when you have to read or write. She comes to me and says all the time she understands how hard It Is to think and have a clear mind with castrations.In a classroom setting there seem to be fewer distractions than at a home setting. One on one attention from a teacher would have been great to learn even more things to help me to become a better writer. The Argumentation paper was somewhat difficult to me to get the words out on paper as I wanted them. I found it difficult to explain in details once again. It was also somewhat difficult to argue what you're talking about. I want to learn how to write a good Argumentation paper with good details. The grammar and punctuation don't get me as bad as the explaining in details in my Essays.Once again I believe most of that comes from distractions at home. If I would have had more time I probably would have found somewhere quiet to type my papers. When there are many of things going on in your life it is a great distraction in one's work and accomplishments. I really enjoyed learning new things In this online class. I had many of ups and downs throughout class, but overall I feel I had more positive outcomes. I learned how to become a better writer. I learned how to type a better Argumentation Paper and get the points across better. Pop one day I can set aside distractions and find a calm place to read and write.I really enjoyed the ups and downs throughout class because it taught me many of deferent techniques and how to become a better writer. This online class has helped me in some ways as in learning new techniques of how to explain in more detail of what I am trying to write about. I have struggled I learned many of techniques of explaining in detail of what I was writing about. However, I have always struggled with explaining in good detail with many of things ouch with writing and I am Just playing catch up to get that good technique back.I will have it all in my head and when I go to type it; I usually don't get it to come out how important quiet time is when you have to read or write. She comes to me and says all the time she understands how hard it is to think and have a clear mind with I really enjoyed learning new things in this online class. I had many of ups and and get the points across better. I hope one day I can set aside distractio ns and find because it taught me many of different techniques and how to become a better Online classes Online classes are important for Contemporary American Culture because it more convenient for a variety of students who are pre-occupled with other aspects of their lives, also because you can receive a broader perspective from teachers all over the world. You'll benefit from a flexible schedule, which Is helpful for people balancing education with work and family life. Sometimes classes arent available at a time convenient for studentsdue to their other responsibilities.Allows to receive better grades because you learn at your own pace. Classes are more cost effective. You can receive a wider range of perspectives because now you are able to receive education from teachers' worldwide. As noted in an article from Franklin University â€Å"Instructors have noted an Increase in a more diversified student population In their classes. † Teacher can be anywhere atb anytime which would allow them to share different experiences with their students.As more technology has become availa ble in man), parts of the globe, a new type of student population has emerged. The traditional student image of higher learning has been somewhat limited in many countries, but given the impact of the Internet, his traditional â€Å"student body† has changed. Rather than being limited to regional demographics, the student body for educational institutions offering online courses has changed drastically.In fact, these online courses have started yet another chapter in the history of education, known as virtual learning communities. While online instructors may start out teaching students from local areas, this particular opportunity has been changing over the past decade. In fact, many online instructors have noted an increase in a more diversified student population in their classes.Further, they have realized the need to update their teaching skills, practices and strategies in order to accommodate the changing needs of the learners in the classroom, as well as updating thei r own teaching portfolio. This paper will provide a brief overview of current recruitment and hiring methods used in the traditional hiring versus online hiring of educators. Also, this paper will address the growing concerns of current traditional teachers as they approach the decision to transition over to online learning and how to obtain proper online instruction. Finally, this

The Outsiders By. Hinton - 1455 Words

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton Greasers were a social group in the 1950s, they have special clothes. Those teenagers are from the lower class and they lived in different places like U.S. their name came because of their greasy hair. Most of them are dangerous, criminals, and hoodlums. They are not educated and they don’t have life opportunities (â€Å"Back ground information†). The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton is talking about two groups, the â€Å"greasers† and the â€Å"socs†, the greasers are the lower class and poor group. Al the people thinks that they are hoodlums and criminals. The other group are the upper-class and all the people know them as the good boys. The greasers face struggle with the wealthy gang and with the life conditions. As well as this novel will show how life is unfair for the greasers. Moreover, in this novel there is people who is outside from the other gang members they act differently, I choose to talk about Ponyboy, Dally, Darry and soda because they not like the other type of gang members. Ponyboy is outsider from the other gang members he has lot of different and special things that make him outsider than the others. First, Ponyboy is willing to put his life in dangerous to help the others and he understand the rule of this life and how it’s unfair for the people like him, when Ponyboy saw the boys on the church he just ran to help them,† I’II get them don’t worry!† (91) and then he blames himself for the fair, â€Å"we startedShow MoreRelatedThe Outsiders By. Hinton1459 Words   |  6 Pages In the book The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, there are negative effects that impact everyone in society. The three main negative effects in the story were violence, peer pressure, and stereotyping. These three effects still occur today and affect people all around the world. The novel helps us understand the consequences of these effects and how we can overcome these problems in society. In this book violence plays a large role in this story. The greasers live their life in fear of the SocsRead MoreThe Outsiders : The Outsiders By S. E. Hinton749 Words   |  3 Pages The Outsiders Essay The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton is about two groups of kids the greasers and the Socs. The Socs are the rich kids who drive expensive cars and wear expensive clothes and the greasers are considered the bums. They don’t have money and they don’t get whatever they want, they also have to work extra hard to get to where they want to be. If you are considered a greaser you are a muffin and the Socs are the cupcakes. Everybody would prefer a cupcake over a muffin, butRead MoreThe Outsiders by S.E. Hinton599 Words   |  2 Pagesto attach themselves to another social group, usually to a group of friends. Unfortunately, without these close ties to their families, some teens will attach themselves to a group of delinquents and adopt a gang lifestyle. In her novel The Outsiders, S.E. Hinton illustrates how Ponyboy, Johnny, and Dally’s dysfunctional family situations led them to attach themselves to the Greasers while demonstrating how these choices resulted in tragic conse quences. After the death of his parents, Darry ineptlyRead MoreThe Outsiders By S.e Hinton1938 Words   |  8 PagesHave you ever been judged by people who don’t really know who you are? Maybe it was because of the way you looked, or your social class. This is a problem that occurs all too often, and it happens everywhere. S.E Hinton, author of â€Å"The Outsiders,† noticed this happening in her own neighbourhood, so she made this a huge part of the theme of her book. She wanted people to stop judging others before they really knew who they were, and their life circumstances. In this book there are two main socialRead MoreThe Outsiders By S. E Hinton1305 Words   |  6 Pages‘The Outsiders’; a novel written by S.E Hinton in 1967, and is based in the 1960s in America. This essay will talk specifically about the title ‘The Outsiders’. Questions such as who the outsiders are, why the novel was titled this way, and what an outsider is will be discussed. A ll these topics are individually important, as they all shape the story and the plotline. The topic (or argument) of if they are born as outsiders or not will also be discussed. This essay will focus specifically on howRead MoreThe Outsiders By S. E. Hinton1718 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Work Review Guide Title: The Outsiders Author: S.E. Hinton Published: 1967 by Viking Press Significant characters and brief statement of function in the work: Name: Function: 1. Pony boy Curtis- The narrator of the story. Ponyboy’s love for literature and academics make him different from the rest of the gang. He’s also the youngest. Because his parents died in a car accident, Ponyboy lives with his brothers. His oldest brother accuses him of lacking common sense but, ponyboy is a reliableRead MoreThe Outsiders By Susan Eloise Hinton1445 Words   |  6 PagesReading a variety of novels throughout my educational career has been an essential portion of my life furthermore; I believe the Irvine Unified School District should teach the novel â€Å"The Outsiders† by Susan Eloise Hinton. This novel has many themes and morals that fit perfectly with it, but the main one is to show how our society segregates people based on their looks and appearance. I believe this novel is suitable for young adults between the ages of twelve and sixteen because this novel givesRead MoreThe Outsiders By S. E. Hinton1109 Words   |  5 Pagesdevastated? A b ig and beyond compare pain. What if it was something that could change the way someone would look at life? Imagine the very worst happening. The people someone would love gone, in this case, parents. In the novel entitled The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton, she walks the reader through the experiences of a fourteen year old boy and his six lifelong friends who call themselves the â€Å"Greasers.† Along the way Ponyboy Curtis, the youngest greaser, finds himself in a touchy situation that may placeRead MoreThe Outsiders By S. E Hinton Essay2486 Words   |  10 PagesYves Belance 28 Nov 2016 V. Minchener Enc11 Research Paper The novel and film, The Outsiders by S. E Hinton, can be composed based on symbols, imagery, characters, and chronology. The Outsiders is a novel and a movie. The novel was written by Susan Eloise Hinton, in 1965, where it took place in Tulsa, Oklahoma. After the book was published the movie, The Outsiders was produced in 1983 directed by Francis Ford Coppola. The author has a great sense of imagery. Ponyboy the narrator of the story usedRead MoreThe Outsiders by S.E. Hinton Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe Outsiders by S.E. Hinton There are four stories in The Outsiders section; The Poor Relations Story, Lou, the Prophet, The Stolen Bacillus and Hop frog. In all these stories we feel sympathy for someone, because they are seen as an outsider of their own society. However we feel a greater degree of sympathy for some of these characters that we do for others, whether this is because of their situation, beliefs, or actions varies in each story. The

Fda s Position On Regulation Of Drug Promotion And...

FDA s position on regulation of drug promotion and advertising has undergone a very interesting pathway, and this is clearly reflected in the way they have enacted their regulations. This process has not been spontaneous but rather a result of extemporaneous pressure and events. Initially, as the pharmaceutical industry was growing and rapidly developing, it was also unmonitored, and the claims they made about the products they advertised posed a risk for the consumers given the freedom they had to promote them. For example, the Pure Food and Drug Act was signed in 1906, but it was not stringent enough to prevent the sale of harmful substances: it was directed towards product labeling, and did not have any restrictions about advertising. This evidently created a loophole because it addressed only the topic of misbranding and label content, while false claims that were not included in the label were not prohibited. The tremendous growth experienced by advertising for food, drugs and cosmetics created a demand for the legislation that took place in 1938, the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act, where FDA was granted greater powers to regulate the industry. This was sharpened by the Sulfanilamide disaster that occurred in 1937: again, law of action-reaction ma nifested, and this is exactly what I find the most interesting, how regulations have been made as a result or response to particular events. More than a preventive strategy, it has always been a reactive one. ButShow MoreRelated Tobacco Advertisements1733 Words   |  7 Pagesprecedent in court that was passed based on these advertisements, and current trends in tobacco advertisements today. The first print tobacco advertisements that used celebrities as the main focus of the advertisements came about during the 1950’s in America. Huge celebrities such as Phillip Morris would endorse cigarette smoking in print advertisements. This type of marketing technique involves many social psychological theories. One theory is the Social Impact Theory. According to three authorsRead MorePharmaceutical Industry Ethical Practices13569 Words   |  55 Pageschoices 12 Competition among drug companies yields innovation 13 From Patients to Medical Consumer 13 Alphabetical Listing of Worldwide Pharmaceutical Companies 15 Fortune 500, Top 12 Companies 22 Pharmaceutical Companies of Pakistan 24 Multinational origin Pharmaceutical units operating in Pakistan 24 Top ten (10) companies in 2008 26 Top 20 national pharmaceutical companies 26 Laws for Pharmaceutical Marketing Worldwide 27 Food and Drug Administration  (FDA) 27 Laws for PharmaceuticalRead MoreThe Effects Of E Cigarettes On The United States5297 Words   |  22 Pages(Schroeder). Nicotine is a chemical that is produced by the tobacco plant. People have discovered that by smoking the leaves of a tobacco plant the nicotine in the leaves is delivered into the bloodstream. Nicotine by itself is not an awful drug as far as drugs go, although it is highly addictive, it is the tar in cigarettes that does so much damage. Tobacco use remains the number one preventable cause of death in the U.S. with 480,000 Americans dying prematurely from tobacco related disease. KickingRead MoreEssay LEG 500 Assignment 33271 Words   |  14 PagesEthical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Sam Cook Dr. William Stone LEG 500 August 28, 2013 1. Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual  property, and regulation of product safety. When looking at PharmaCARE’s relationship with the Colberians, you see that the company’s treatment of the indigenous population is unethical. 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In the 1970’s, one of the Hansen brothers decided to transition their beverage business into marketing ‘natural sodas’. This was the upturn of the company that led them to where they are today. Today, Monster Beverage Corp. hasRead MoreCogave+Energy+Drink+Marketing+Plan7253 Words   |  30 PagesCustomer Needs 7 Geographic Area 7 VI. Target Market Strategy 7 Target Market 7 VII. Positioning Strategy 9 Future Target Market 10 VIII. Marketing Mix 11 Customer (Product) 11 Cost (Price) 12 Capabilities (Place) 14 Competition (Promotion) 15 IX. Action Plan 16 X. Long Term Objectives 17 I. Executive Summary The Cogavà ©m brand was inspired by a growing demand for a natural and healthy alternative to the current energy drink market. Our flagship product, Cogavà ©m, includes

Online Games Addiction And Its Effects On Society - 810 Words

It is widely agreed that the internet is one of the best innovations that has facilitated the life of humanity in the last twentieth century. It has aided most of researchers around the world to develop their studies in different areas such as medical and academic fields since the internet has made the finding of information much easier than before. However, the excessive use of the internet can lead to serious problems that may influence people health and can cause mental and medical complications because some users are mainly dependent on online chat rooms, interactive games and stocks market and spend most of their leisure time using this communication medium without considering their lifestyle that include diet habits. This situation is called the internet addiction. There are several types of addictive use of the internet so online games addiction is one of the most issues that is rapidly spreading among children and adolescents. It is a situation that is characterized by overpl aying internet games with others and these games may affect the personality of the gamer. This essay will discuss online games addiction and will present some information that show how this issue has become a phenomenon in the last decade. The number of internet users in the world have increased rapidly among adults and children especially who have played these games excessively. In 2012, the number of people who played computer games reached more than one billion; in addition, the proportionShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games And Violence1533 Words   |  7 Pagesmany individuals have jumped to rash conclusions regarding the causes of such events by linking violent video games with violence in the youth population. Even more discerning individuals have also criticized the role of violent video games in encouraging people to become mass murderers. With these opinions gaining popularity in the mass media, it has become the predominant belief of society to explain why there are more shootings recently. Such claims are usually driven by opinionated reasoning insteadRead MoreOnline Gaming Issues1170 Words   |  5 Pages \ The Addiction of Online Gaming Online gaming is becoming a major concern in the world today. Online gaming is becoming more and more popular among various ages in today’s society. Along with this becoming popular, it is starting to become known as an addition as well. . The addiction of the game is causing serious negative psychological effects. 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He’s doesn’t say anything, but he knows you’re playing that game and saysRead MoreSocial Network and Its Effect on Poor Students Academic Performance1051 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIAL NETWORK AND ITS EFFECT ON POOR STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the example famous social network that becomes the best choice among the students, especially university students. Social network can defines as site of grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision. Nowadays, the social network is a necessary communication tool that has emerged in the field of information and communication technologyRead MoreTime Vs. Computer Addiction882 Words   |  4 Pagesthis technology. The overuse, or obsession can cause individuals to neglect others, as well as self. This behavior can result to computer addiction. Obligations can be neglected, because too much time is spent on the computer. According to Wieland, â€Å"Young claims there were 56 million internet users in 1997. Extrapolating from prevalence rates of other addictions, 5-10 percent of users will most likely experience IAD.† Young’s survey suggest that too much time on the computer during the week and onRead MoreNegative Effects Of Internet Addiction935 Words   |  4 Pagesmake your work or study but ended up playing video games and surfing the internet? It is believed that a lot of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. The highly advanced internet makes our lives better, which is non-debatable, but there are also some drawbacks brought up by improper internet usage and one of the most influential symptoms is Internet addiction. Internet addiction affects people by causing the deterioration of theRead MoreVideo Game Addiction Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesabout video game addiction. 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Online gambling can be effortlessly accessible to anyone over the legal age as required by various jurisdictions. Margee Hume and Gillian Mort argue that youth misperceive the definition of â€Å"gambling†, as they believe gambling is a hobby from which one can receive rewards such as money (119). As a result, those gambling for rewards, do not generally acknowledge the possible negative

Price Mechanism in a Capitalist Economy Free Essays

In a capitalist economy, all the central problems are solved with the help of price mecha ­nism. In such an economy, no individual or a firm deliberately tries to solve the central problems; all economic activities operate automatically and there is no conflict anywhere. The basic reason for all this is that price mechanism brings about co-ordination in various sectors of economy and in various eco ­nomic activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Price Mechanism in a Capitalist Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The important characteristic of such a system is that it is automatic and there is no institution or agency which regulates or operates it. The basis of price mechanism is that every commodity or service has a price which is determined with the help of supply and demand. Every commodity is bought and sold through money. If a person sells his services or commodity, he gets money and in lieu thereof he can buy goods and services which he needs. If there are more buyers of a commodity, its demand goes up and producers increase its production. On the other hand, if a commodity is available in abundance, its supply increases, with the result its price goes down and producers reduce its production. Whenever there is a difference or dis ­equilibrium between supply and demand, price starts changing, with the result this difference disappears and again an equilibrium is established between supply and demand. demand and supply curves intersect each other at point E where price is OP and equilibrium output OQ. According to the schedule equilibrium price will be Rs. 10 because at this price demand and supply are equal. In a capitalist economy, all the central problems are solved with the help of price mechanism. Now we would sec as to how all the central problems—what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce—arc solved with the help of price mechanism. 1. What to produce? In a capitalist economy, production of a commodity is decided by the forces of demand and supply. As the production of a commodity depends upon its demand and supply, in the same way aggregate output is determined by aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The level of output where aggregate demand and aggregate supply are equal is finally fixed as equilibrium output. In the aggregate output, what should be the quantities of different commodities. This decision is also taken by the equilibrium of demand and supply of different commodities. The production of the commodity is increased whose price goes up as a result of increase in its demand. On the other hand, if the demand of a commodity declines, its production is reduced. 2. How to produce? As the competition among consumers decides as to what goods should be produced, in the same way, the competition among the producers decides as to how goods should be produced. A commodity can be produced adopting a number of techniques. The method or technology which is the cheapest is adopted and the one which is costlier is abandoned. Therefore, the decision as to how goods should be produced depends on the prices of factors. A producer combines various factors for producing a commodity in such a way so that his production cost is minimum. For example, coal and diesel both can be used as fuel. If coal is cheaper in comparison to diesel, coal would be used and reverse would be the case if diesel is cheaper. In this way, the choice of technique of production or the factor combination depends upon the factor prices. In a country where there is abundance of labour and wages are low, more of labour and less of capital! would be used. On the other hand, in a country where there is less of labour and more of capital, capital-intensive techniques would be used. 3. For whom to produce? In a capitalist economy, production of commodities depends upon the buying capacity of the consumers in the market. It is a well known fact that the paying capacity of a consumer depends upon his purchasing power or his income. Besides this, the income of a consumer depends upon the fact as to how much his services are demanded. Higher the demand for a person’s services, higher would be his income. If the income of a consumer is more, his capacity to buy is more. In such a situation, production will be carried out for such persons whose incomes are more or who can pay. Therefore, in a capitalist economy, it is observed that price-mechanism facilitates more production of luxuries meant for rich people and less production of goods of mass consumption meant for poor people. How to cite Price Mechanism in a Capitalist Economy, Essay examples

Voting Age 16 free essay sample

Meanwhile, the Electoral Commissions Sam Younger (true to his surname) has backed an independent review of the current voting age. The Minister for Young People, John Denham, has agreed to look closely at its findings, due the end of this year. The reformers case is strong, and could in practice count as an historic innovation. Most countries where the age of political majority is already lower (the key exception is Brazil) are dictatorships preoccupied with demographics and spin. The campaign for reducing the age of political majority is gathering pace globally, but reakthroughs have so far only been local : in regions (like Scotland, where some local authorities permit 16-year olds to vote in council elections) and in cities such as Cambridge, Massachusetts, whose city council supports votes at 17, and Hanover, which pioneered the voting at 16 that is now the rule in many German states. So Britain has a chance of becoming the first-ever European country to give kids of sixteen the vote. But why should we (or they) take the plunge? The reformers point to the legal precedents. At sixteen, they say, young people can leep together, marry (without parental consent in Scotland) and have children. All sixteen year olds can be company directors, or be tried by Jury in Crown Court and locked up, or change their name by deed poll, or leave school. Young men (women have to wait another year) can even Join some sections of the armed forces. Reformers add that young people are living in social conditions far different than those in which their parents were teenagers. The battle for the right to define and protect youth culture was fought and won a full generation ago culminating (on January 1st 1970) in the reduction of the voting age from 21 to 18. Since then, reformers say, young people have become more worldly wise. Pressured by advertising and the sexualisation of their bodies, teenage hormones change earlier, and faster. The rights of young people not to be abused, beaten or exploited are gathering pace. Youth parliaments and school councils are multiplying. Young people have their vernacular, their opinions, music and dress sense. From this school year, theres also the new citizenship curriculum, which could well make teenagers as a hole politically more knowledgeable than many adults. The reformers issue a warning : the right to vote and the obligation to take an interest in public affairs should be extended to sixteen and seventeen year olds in order to raise their flagging rising) levels of interest in politics, broadly understood. Yet youth are annoyed by governments, parties and politicians, who are condemned as lying sleazebags, irrelevant bores, and worse. Such reactions, the reformers say, reflects the chasm thats come between youth and politics. The solution : bridge the gap by bringing parliamentary politics to them. The opponents of reform sound nervous, and arent averse to moralising. Note the strong parallels, in the history of modern democracy, with the language of those who opposed the emancipation of slaves, or who resisted granting the vote to male workers, or women, or colonial subjects. The conservatives say that kids lack maturity. That means that their ability to think logically through an argument, to understand cause and effect, and to take responsibility for their own actions, is sub- standard. The claim is of course circular and true by definition : kids are naturally kids. Maturity has no history. Youth and politics will never mix. So it follows that teenagers, in their imprudence, will misuse the vote. At sixteen (says Ellie Levenson of the Fabian Society) teenagers are at their most rebellious and negative stage, a time when they are more keen on making a statement than acting responsibly. Like hysterical suffragettes bent on dragging passions into politics, or ill-mannered nineteenth-century workers, young people are a danger unto themselves. Let us not provide, runs Levensons objection, an extra means by which teenagers can rebel against authority, by either abusing their vote or not voting at all. Defenders of the present system are so far in the majority. Yet when Judged in terms of arguments they are in trouble. Their sense of history is poor and they lack both a unified voice and intellectual authority. No Edmund Burke or Thomas Carlyle is to be found in their ranks. They have Tony Blair, its true. At this years Blackpool conference, when asked about granting sixteen years olds the vote, he said that citizenship should have a legal starting point : eighteen. The Prime Minister no doubt knows that the current legal condition of young people is anomalous, but he is ot alone in his beliefs. The conservatives have plenty of politicians on their side, but given their rising unpopularity that may prove to be their Joint undoing. The wiser strategy would be to reform in order to inject more energy into parliamentary politics. It is no coincidence that groups like Article 12 in Scotland, Rock the Vote in America and Germanys KRATZA (which stands for the abolition of all age limits for voting) are on the rise. For the one key point the opponents of reform arguably misjudge is the potential radicalism of some of our disaffected kids who ont see themselves primarily as cynics, or as consumers looking down at their new trainers. Children of my age are too young to vote, said my daughter a few days ago, casually munching her way through a big apple. Shes ten. 14 is about right, she continued. By then, you definitely need freedom. You know whats right and wrong. By that age you should find out what theyre doing bombing other countries, being mean or picky, or being racist or pa edophiles.